igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: White, gray, pinkish with dark spots; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspars, none in quartz; Specific Gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- White, gray, pinkish with dark spots
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: White, gray, pinkish with dark spots; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspars, none in quartz; Specific Gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). They can be found in continental crust across all geological ages, primarily in mountain ranges and ancient shield areas.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, monuments, and as aggregate/crushed stone for road beds.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found at the Earth's surface and makes up a large portion of the continental crust. Half Dome in Yosemite National Park is a massive monolith composed of granite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'salt and pepper' appearance of quartz (clear/gray), feldspar (white/pink), and mica (black/shiny). Found in mountainous regions or as glacial erratics in fields. Collectors should look for sharp, fresh breaks to see grain structure.
