sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily Quartz SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, yellow, reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/granular; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Brown, yellow, reddish
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified May 19, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, yellow, reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/granular; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed by the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized grains, typically in deserts, riverbeds, or beaches. Iron oxides like hematite or goethite provide the reddish-brown and yellow banding seen here.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in construction as a building stone, in road base materials, and for manufacturing glass (if high silica). Also popular for landscaping and decorative tiles.

Geological facts

Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Wave' formation in Arizona is a spectacular example of wind-eroded cross-bedded sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty feel like sandpaper and visible bedding planes or bands. Commonly found in arid regions, canyons, and coastal bluffs. Check for porosity by seeing if it absorbs water.