sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, gray, or buff; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None (conchoidal to irregular fracture); Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, gray, or buff
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, gray, or buff; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None (conchoidal to irregular fracture); Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in river beds, beaches, or deserts over millions of years (Phanerozoic Eon to modern times).
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction as a building stone and paving material, in the manufacture of glass, and industrially as a source of silica.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Colorado is carved out of massive sandstone formations.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. Common in sedimentary basins worldwide. For collectors, look for cross-bedding or ripple marks as distinctive features.
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