sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, orange-yellow; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, brown, orange-yellow
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, orange-yellow; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized silicate grains (quartz). The yellow-brown color indicates iron oxide (limonite or hematite) cementing agents. Common in ancient river beds, deserts, and marine environments.
Uses & applications
Used widely as a construction material, for paving, grindstones for sharpening, and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks and contributes significantly to the world's groundwater aquifers because of its high porosity and permeability.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified by its gritty feel (like sandpaper) and visible grains. Often found in layered outcrops or canyons. Look for bedding planes and cross-bedding features.
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