sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementation); Color: ranges from tan, brown, yellow, red, to grey; Luster: Dull/Earthly; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementation)
Color: ranges from tan, brown, yellow, red, to grey
Luster: Dull/Earthly

Identified March 30, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (silt/sand) over millions of years. This process, lithification, occurs in deserts, riverbeds, or ocean floors across all geological eras.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass. It is also used in grindstones for sharpening blades and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and natural gas.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon, Petra, and the Red Rock Amphitheatre are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains of sand. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and arid regions globally. Collectors often look for 'Picture Sandstone' which contains landscape-like patterns.