sedimentary
Sandstone
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or gray with a gritty texture; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible sand grains; Cleavage: None.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or gray with a gritty texture
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or gray with a gritty texture; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible sand grains; Cleavage: None.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Typically formed in river beds, deserts, or coastal beach environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely as a construction material, as a decorative stone for architectural features, as road base, and in the manufacturing of glass and abrasives.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock and accounts for about 10-25% of the Earth's sedimentary rock record. It often contains fossils and acts as a major reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive 'sandpaper' feel when rubbed. It is found in outcrop formations globally, particularly in arid regions or ancient oceanic basins. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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