sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 primarily)

Mohs hardness: 6-7 (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, yellow, red, or brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 (if quartz-rich)
Color: Tan, yellow, red, or brown
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified May 27, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Mohs hardness: 6-7 (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, yellow, red, or brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically through the process of lithification in marine, desert, or river environments.

Uses & applications

Widely used for building materials, paving, decorative stone, grindstones for sharpening, and as a reservoir rock for oil, gas, and groundwater.

Geological facts

Sandstone can preserve fossilized footprints and ripples from ancient water bodies; it makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth.

Field identification & locations

Identifiable by its gritty, abrasive feel similar to sandpaper; often displays distinct layering or cross-bedding. Common in the American Southwest and various coastal sandstone cliffs.