sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Brown, tan, reddish
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified March 17, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) over millions of years through lithification. Commonly found in riverbeds, deserts, and ocean floors.

Uses & applications

Used widely in the construction industry as a building material, for paving, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Familiar landmarks like the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It is extremely common worldwide, particularly in areas with ancient basin history.