mineral

Hematite (Botryoidal)

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black with reddish-brown undertones; Luster: Metallic to dull; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 4.9-5.3

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black with reddish-brown undertones
Luster: Metallic to dull

Identified June 29, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black with reddish-brown undertones; Luster: Metallic to dull; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 4.9-5.3

Formation & geological history

Forms in hydrothermal veins or as a secondary mineral through the weathering of iron-rich minerals. Bottryoidal (grape-like) forms typically grow when crystals radiate outward from a central point in a fluid-rich environment.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron for steel production; used as a gemstone (jewelry), pigment (ochre), and for polishing compounds (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word 'haima' for blood, due to the red streak it leaves when scratched. It is also found in significant quantities on Mars, contributing to the planet's red color.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive reddish-brown streak test, high density compared to its size, and the characteristic bubble-like or botryoidal surface texture. Found commonly in Brazil, USA (Lake Superior region), and Australia.