mineral

Hematite (Iron Ore)

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs; Color: Metallic gray to earthy reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Streak: Cherry red to reddish-brown; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic gray to earthy reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy

Identified July 8, 2026More mineral →

Explore Hematite (Iron Ore) in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs; Color: Metallic gray to earthy reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Streak: Cherry red to reddish-brown; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily in sedimentary environments as banded iron formations (BIFs) via precipitation from seawater, often through biological activity or oxygenation of the early atmosphere. Common in hydrothermal veins and as an oxidation product of other iron minerals.

Uses & applications

The primary ore of iron for steel production; also used as a pigment (ochre), in radiation shielding, and as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

Hematite is responsible for the red color of many rocks and even the surface of Mars. The name is derived from the Greek word 'haima' for blood, due to the red color of its powder.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its characteristic red streak when rubbed on an unglazed porcelain plate, despite its dark exterior. It feels notably heavy for its size due to high iron content. Found worldwide in massive deposits like the Lake Superior region and Brazil.