mineral

Hematite (Nodular or Botryoidal)

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Metallic to sub-metallic luster; Dark silver to reddish-brown color; Hexagonal crystal system; Distinctive cherry-red streak when scratched on unglazed porcelain; High specific gravity (5.26).

Identified June 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms primarily as a result of hydrothermal activity in veins or as a secondary mineral through the weathering of iron-rich rocks. It can also form in sedimentary environments through precipitation in bodies of water.

Uses & applications

The primary ore of iron for steel production; used as a pigment (red ochre); polished as gemstones for jewelry and beads; used in radiation shielding and ballast.

Geological facts

Hematite is responsible for the red color of almost all reddish rocks and the reddish color of the planet Mars. The name is derived from the Greek word 'haima', meaning blood, because of its red streak.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density (feels heavy for its size) and by performing a streak test to reveal its characteristic red color. Commonly found in banded iron formations (BIFs) and iron-rich sedimentary deposits.

Other mineral specimens

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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)

Mineral

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock