mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs; Color: Metallic gray to black with reddish-brown streaks; Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic gray to black with reddish-brown streaks
Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Identified July 17, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs; Color: Metallic gray to black with reddish-brown streaks; Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Gravity: 5.26.

Formation & geological history

Forms as a primary mineral and as an alteration product in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Often found in banded iron formations from the Precambrian era as well as in volcanic fumaroles.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge), pigment for paints, and in beads or carvings for jewelry.

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word for blood, 'haima', because it produces a blood-red streak when ground. It is also found in abundance on the planet Mars, giving it its red color.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its high density and characteristic reddish-brown streak. Check for mild magnetism only if it contains magnetite impurities. Commonly found in locations like the Lake Superior district (USA), Brazil, and Australia.