Rock & Mineral Encyclopedia

Search and identify 1,000+ rocks, minerals, crystals, and gemstones — with properties, formation, colors, hardness, and how to tell them apart.

Hematite

The principal iron ore, a heavy iron oxide ranging from metallic silver-gray to earthy red, always leaving a tell-tale red-brown streak.

A field term for hard black massive manganese oxides, often botryoidal, mined as an important manganese ore.

A metamorphosed banded iron formation of alternating quartz and iron-oxide layers, mined as a major iron ore.

Volcanic glass tinted red by fine iron-oxide inclusions, often blended with black to form mahogany-patterned obsidian.

An iron-rich sedimentary rock, often heavy and rusty-weathering, historically mined as a major source of iron ore.

Clear quartz coated with orange-red hematite, giving points a vivid tangerine color, mainly from Brazil.

Limonite is an amorphous brown iron oxide ore, the rust-colored material behind ochre pigments and bog iron.

A banded, metamorphosed iron formation in which bright red jasper alternates with silvery hematite or magnetite layers.

Ancient chemically deposited rock of alternating iron-oxide and silica bands recording Earth's early oxygenation and a major iron ore source.

A banded combination rock of golden tiger's eye, red jasper, and metallic hematite, formed in ancient iron deposits.

An opaque, iron-rich variety of microcrystalline quartz known for its deep brick-red color and ancient history as a stone of strength and grounding.

A vivid yellow-and-black banded stone from Indonesian volcanic vents, colored by sulfur, arsenic minerals and iron oxides, not true jasper.

A feldspar gemstone that sparkles with metallic glints (aventurescence) caused by tiny reflective copper or hematite platelets.

Clear quartz mined in the Himalayan region, often double-terminated and containing dark hematite or carbon inclusions.

Iron-stained sandstone whose red color comes from hematite coatings, formed in oxidizing desert, river, and coastal environments.