mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs. Color: Metallic gray to reddish brown. Luster: Metallic to earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Streak: Cherry red to reddish-brown. High specific gravity.

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic gray to reddish brown
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified July 12, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs. Color: Metallic gray to reddish brown. Luster: Metallic to earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Streak: Cherry red to reddish-brown. High specific gravity.

Formation & geological history

Commonly formed in sedimentary environments via precipitation from water, or as a weathering product of other iron-bearing minerals. Much of it dates back to Precambrian banded iron formations formed 2.4 billion years ago.

Uses & applications

The primary ore of iron for steel production. Also used in cosmetics, pigments (ochre), jewelry (cabochons), and as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word 'haimatitis' meaning blood-like, due to the red color of its powder. It is also the mineral responsible for the red color of the surface of Mars.

Field identification & locations

Identify by a high density (heavy for its size) and a distinctive red streak when rubbed on unglazed porcelain. Commonly found in mining districts in the USA (Great Lakes), Brazil, Australia, and China.