mineral
Hemimorphite
Hemimorphite (Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O)
Hardness: 4.5-5 (Mohs); Color: Sky blue to turquoise blue (in this form); Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic, often found in botryoidal (grape-like) clusters; Specific Gravity: 3.4-3.5.
- Hardness
- 4
- Color
- Sky blue to turquoise blue (in this form)
- Luster
- Vitreous to pearly
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Physical properties
Hardness: 4.5-5 (Mohs); Color: Sky blue to turquoise blue (in this form); Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic, often found in botryoidal (grape-like) clusters; Specific Gravity: 3.4-3.5.
Formation & geological history
Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of zinc-bearing ore deposits, often through the weathering of sphalerite. Commonly found in limestone or dolomite host rocks.
Uses & applications
Mainly a collector's mineral and a minor ore of zinc. High-quality blue specimens are sometimes used as gemstones or decorative carvings.
Geological facts
The name comes from the 'hemimorphic' nature of its crystals, meaning the two ends of the crystal are terminated with different faces. It was historically known as 'calamine' before being distinguished from smithsonite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct sky blue color, botryoidal habit, and reaction to warm acids (it dissolves to form a silica gel). Notable localities include Mexico (Chihuahua), China (Yunnan), and Italy (Sardinia).
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