sedimentary
Laterite (Iron-rich bauxite or Gossan)
Ferricrete (Fe2O3·nH2O)
Hardness: 4-6 Mohs; Color: Rusty red, brown, or earthy orange; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal Structure: Amorphous or microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: High (dense due to iron content)
- Hardness
- 4-6 Mohs
- Color
- Rusty red, brown, or earthy orange
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 4-6 Mohs; Color: Rusty red, brown, or earthy orange; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal Structure: Amorphous or microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: High (dense due to iron content)
Formation & geological history
Formed by the intensive and long-lasting chemical weathering (leaching) of parent rock in tropical or subtropical climates, resulting in an accumulation of iron and aluminum oxides.
Uses & applications
Used historically as a building material (cut into blocks), as a source of iron or aluminum ore, and in road construction as a sub-base material.
Geological facts
Laterite is unique because it is often soft and can be easily cut when first quarried, but it hardens significantly upon exposure to air and sun. It was the primary material used to build the temples of Angkor Wat in Cambodia.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its characteristic pitted or vesicular texture, deep red-brown color, and heavy weight. It is commonly found in tropical regions like India, Southeast Asia, and parts of Africa.
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