Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, beige, or yellowish-brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) over millions of years, typically in desert, river, or ocean environments.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily as a building material, in paving, for making glass, and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.

Geological Facts

Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Found globally in basins and coastal regions.

Identified on: 5/2/2026

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