sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, yellow, red, brown, or grey; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic (granular); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- tan, yellow, red, brown, or grey
- Luster
- dull/earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, yellow, red, brown, or grey; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic (granular); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically formed in deserts, riverbeds, and ocean floors over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Primary use in construction as a building stone (as seen in the wall in the image), landscaping, fireplace mantels, and as a source of high-purity silica for glassmaking.
Geological facts
Sandstone beds often form highly visible cliffs and unique landforms like those in the Grand Canyon. It is porous and acts as a major aquifer for groundwater and a reservoir for oil and natural gas.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper). Look for layering or 'bedding' visible in the rock face. Found globally in sedimentary basins and mountain ranges.
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