sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementation); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with sand-sized grains; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementation)
- Color
- Tan, beige, or light brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementation); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with sand-sized grains; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in desert, river, or coastal environments. Age can vary from Precambrian to Holocene.
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building stone and paving material due to its durability. In industry, it is a source of silica for glass making. Used for grindstones and in the decorative arts.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous formations like the Grand Canyon and Petra are primarily composed of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture. Common in sedimentary basins worldwide. For collectors, look for ripple marks or bedding planes that indicate ancient environmental conditions.
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