sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 primarily)

Color: tan, brown, or buff; Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (on individual quartz grains); Luster: earthy/dull; Texture: clastic/gritty like sandpaper; Structure: massive or bedded; Cleavage: none.

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (on individual quartz grains)
Color: tan, brown, or buff
Luster: earthy/dull

Identified May 17, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Color: tan, brown, or buff; Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (on individual quartz grains); Luster: earthy/dull; Texture: clastic/gritty like sandpaper; Structure: massive or bedded; Cleavage: none.

Formation & geological history

Formation occurs over millions of years through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in river beds, beaches, or deserts.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in construction as building stone, pavers, and as a source for silica in glass manufacturing. Fine specimens are popular for amateur rock collecting.

Geological facts

Sandstone can preserve fossilized footprints and ripple marks from ancient water currents. It is a major reservoir rock for underground water and petroleum.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its sandy, abrasive texture when rubbed. It is globally ubiquitous, found in many canyons and outcrops. Collectors should look for unique layering or fossils.