Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic, granular texture; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8. Shows visible sand-sized grains.

Formation & Geological History

Formed by the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (clasts) such as quartz or feldspar. This typically occurs in river beds, beaches, or deserts over millions of years through lithification.

Uses & Applications

Used extensively in the construction industry as a building material, for paving, and as a source of high-purity silica for glass manufacturing. Also collected for geological study.

Geological Facts

Sandstone represents about 20% to 25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Many famous geological formations, like the Grand Canyon, are composed of sandstone layers.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often displays bedding or lamination layers. Found globally in basins and near continental margins.

Identified on: 5/3/2026

Mode: Standard