sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (Fe2O3 stained)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Reddish-brown, tan, or orange
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. The reddish hue indicates the presence of iron oxide (hematite) during the depositional or diagenetic process.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction as a building stone (brownstone), in the manufacturing of glass, and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Many famous geological formations, such as the Grand Canyon and the Red Rocks of Sedona, are primarily composed of various layers of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding). It is found globally in basins, deserts, and ancient riverbeds.
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