sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (predominantly SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or yellow due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Tan, brown, or yellow due to iron oxide
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified February 21, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or yellow due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in high-energy environments like rivers, beaches, or deserts over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for building stone, paving, and decorative facades. Also acts as a critical reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Sandstone can preserve impressive fossil records and sedimentary structures like ripple marks or cross-bedding that reveal ancient wind and water patterns.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' texture and visible grains. Often found in layered outcrops or as rounded river cobbles like this specimen. Use a hand lens to see mineral grains.