sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Oxide staining)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellowish-tan to rusty brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Yellowish-tan to rusty brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellowish-tan to rusty brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized silicate grains (mostly quartz) in environments such as rivers, deserts, or marine basins. The yellowish-brown color indicates oxidation of iron minerals during or after deposition.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass or grindstones. Highly valued in landscaping for its natural aesthetic and durability.
Geological facts
Sandstone layers can act as massive aquifers or petroleum reservoirs due to their high porosity. Famous formations include the Antelope Canyon in Arizona and the red rocks of Sedona.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible layers (bedding). Rubbing it may cause small grains of sand to dislodge. Found globally in sedimentary basins and outcrops.
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