mineral

Iron Ore (Limonite and Hematite)

Goethite/Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O) and Hematite (Fe2O3)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 4.0-5.5; Color: Yellow-brown to blackish; Luster: Dull, earthy to sub-metallic; Crystal Structure: Amorphous or microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.7-4.3

Hardness: 4
Color: Yellow-brown to blackish
Luster: Dull, earthy to sub-metallic

Identified May 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 4.0-5.5; Color: Yellow-brown to blackish; Luster: Dull, earthy to sub-metallic; Crystal Structure: Amorphous or microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.7-4.3

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily through the weathering and oxidation of iron-rich minerals in sedimentary deposits, or as a secondary mineral in the gossans of metallic ore deposits.

Uses & applications

Primary source of iron for steel manufacturing; used as a pigment (ochre) in paints, coatings, and concrete; occasionally used as a filler in drilling mud.

Geological facts

Limonite is not a true mineral but a mixture of hydrated iron oxide minerals. It was historically one of the most important sources of iron for early humans and used as a natural pigment since pre-history.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive yellow-brown to rusty streak and earthy appearance. Found globally in bog deposits, weathered iron-rich rocks, and mining tailings.