mineral

Iron-rich laterite or hematitic limonite

Hydrated iron oxides, chiefly goethite (FeO(OH)) and limonite, possibly with hematite (Fe₂O₃)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Reddish-brown, earthy to submetallic luster, massive and apparently fine-grained; typical hardness is about 4–6, with no visible cleavage and variable density. The glossy appearance may reflect moisture or polishing.

Identified September 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms by intense chemical weathering and oxidation of iron-bearing rocks, commonly in tropical or subtropical soils and weathering profiles; generally young to geologically ancient depending on the host terrain.

Uses & applications

Used as an iron ore when sufficiently concentrated and historically as a red-brown pigment (ochre); ordinary specimens have little commercial value but can be attractive teaching or collecting pieces.

Geological facts

Its color comes from ferric iron oxides and hydroxides. A reddish-brown streak, magnetic response if magnetite is present, and yellow-brown powder after scratching are useful clues.

Field identification & locations

Common in lateritic soils, gossans, iron-rich gravels, and mine dumps worldwide. Confirm with a streak test on unglazed porcelain and avoid assuming it is jasper without checking its hardness and powder color.