sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or reddish-brown due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with granular grains; Cleavage: None (breaks across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale)
Color: Tan, brown, or reddish-brown due to iron oxide
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified March 27, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand). Usually occurs in desert dunes, riverbeds, or beaches. It can range in age from Precambrian to recent times.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction as a building stone, for paving, and in the manufacture of glass. Smaller decorative pieces are used in landscaping and aquariums.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Treasury at Petra and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sand-paper-like feel and visible grains. Often found in layered outcroppings or as rounded river cobbles. Look for bedding planes or cross-bedding structures.