sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with trace Fe2O3)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown, tan, reddish due to iron oxide staining
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains (lithification). These typically deposit in riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments. Age varies based on deposit, ranging from millions to billions of years old.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, decorative stone, for making grindstones, and as a source of high-purity silica for glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone can preserve fossil remains and ripple marks from ancient water bodies. Its porosity makes it a critical reservoir for groundwater, oil, and natural gas in many geological basins.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It is extremely common globally, found in extensive formations like the Colorado Plateau. For collectors, look for unique patterns like 'wonderstone' or fossil inclusions.
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