sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Iron Oxide cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or reddish due to iron oxidation; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (visible sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or reddish due to iron oxidation
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or reddish due to iron oxidation; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (visible sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) over millions of years. This specimen appears water-worn (rounded), likely originating from a riverbed or coastal environment where it was smoothed by erosion.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass manufacturing, and as a reservoir rock in the petroleum industry. Smaller rounded pebbles are used in landscaping and decorative aquariums.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth, making up about 10-20% of all sedimentary rock. It often preserves fossils and ripple marks from ancient environments.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins, deserts, and riverbeds globally. Collectors look for unique colors or fossil inclusions.
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