sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (typically SiO2 + others)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible sand grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs)
Color: Tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxide staining
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified June 19, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible sand grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments over millions of years, typically in desert, river, or coastal environments.

Uses & applications

Widely used as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass manufacturing, for paving, and as an aquifer for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of the Earth's sedimentary rocks. Red sandstones are colored by hematite, while yellow/brown ones are often colored by goethite.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel when rubbed. It is extremely common globally. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.