sedimentary
Jasper (Iron-stained Quartz)
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow, orange, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull to waxy when unpolished; Crystal structure: Microcrystalline/Cryptocrystalline; Cleavage: None, conchoidal fracture
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Yellow, orange, reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull to waxy when unpolished
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow, orange, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull to waxy when unpolished; Crystal structure: Microcrystalline/Cryptocrystalline; Cleavage: None, conchoidal fracture
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation of silica-rich fluids in volcanic ash or sedimentary deposits, heavily influenced by hydrothermal circulation. The yellow and orange hues are typically caused by goethite or limonite staining.
Uses & applications
Used primarily for lapidary work, jewelry (cabochons), river rock landscaping, and as a decorative collector stone due to its durability and color variety.
Geological facts
Jasper is a variety of chalcedony. It has been used since antiquity for seals and symbols of protection. Many cultures believed it could ward off evil spirits and enhance physical strength.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its smooth, water-worn exterior, high hardness (will scratch glass), and opaque appearance. Commonly found along riverbeds, beaches, and desert regions globally.
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