sedimentary
Jasper with Hematite
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3)
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Ocher, burnt orange, brown, and gray; Luster: Dull to waxy; Structure: Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.9
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Ocher, burnt orange, brown, and gray
- Luster
- Dull to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Ocher, burnt orange, brown, and gray; Luster: Dull to waxy; Structure: Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through the infiltration of silica-rich fluids into volcanic ash or fine-grained sediments, often in hydrothermally active areas or Precambrian seafloor environments where iron and silica precipitated together.
Uses & applications
Used primarily for decorative purposes, lapidary arts (cabochons, beads), and as a collector's specimen. In ancient times, it was used for seals and tools.
Geological facts
The orange and brown colors are caused by iron inclusions. The term 'Jasper' is derived from the Greek word 'iaspis', meaning spotted stone. It is a dense, opaque variety of chalcedony.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its opacity, hardness (will scratch glass), and dull luster compared to quartz. Common in riverbeds and desert environments globally; notably found in the Western United States, Australia, and Madagascar.
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