sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Iron Oxide staining)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, reddish-tan, earthy; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (clastic); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown, reddish-tan, earthy
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, reddish-tan, earthy; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (clastic); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The reddish-brown color indicates the presence of iron oxide (hematite or limonite) as a cementing agent or coating. Found in deserts, river beds, and ancient ocean floors.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction as a building stone or road base, as decorative landscaping rock, and occasionally in glass manufacturing if pure quartz sand is present.
Geological facts
Sandstone can preserve fossilized footprints and trackways better than many other rock types. It represents about 10-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, abrasive texture (like sandpaper) and visible grains. Often found in layered outcrops. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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