sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz content); Color: Tan, buff, or light brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic texture with visible sand-sized grains; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz content)
- Color
- Tan, buff, or light brown
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz content); Color: Tan, buff, or light brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic texture with visible sand-sized grains; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and litification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Usually deposited in riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments. This specific specimen appears to be a water-worn river cobble from the Holocene to Pleistocene era.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction for building stone, road base, and as an abrasive. High-purity quartz sandstone is used in glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Wave' rock formation in Arizona is a spectacular example of wind-eroded sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Field identification: Gritty 'sandpaper' feel when rubbed; visible grains; will not fizz with HCl (unlike limestone). Commonly found in riverbeds, canyons, and coastal outcrops.
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