sedimentary
Kaolinite (China Clay)
Kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 2-2.5 (Mohs scale); Color: White to off-white; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Triclinic; Cleavage: Perfect (basal); Specific Gravity: 2.6.
- Hardness
- 2-2
- Color
- White to off-white
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2-2.5 (Mohs scale); Color: White to off-white; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Triclinic; Cleavage: Perfect (basal); Specific Gravity: 2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the chemical weathering of aluminum silicate minerals like feldspar. It is a secondary mineral found in sedimentary environments and hydrothermal alteration zones.
Uses & applications
Primary component of porcelain and ceramics. Also used as a filler in paper, paint, cosmetics, and rubber, and as an anti-caking agent in food processing.
Geological facts
The name 'kaolinite' is derived from 'Gaoling', a village in Jiangxi Province, China, where it has been mined for centuries to create high-quality pottery.
Field identification & locations
Identifiable by its soft, chalky texture that sticks to the tongue and produces a distinct earthy smell when wet. Found worldwide in weathered crystalline rocks.
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