sedimentary
Sandstone (with potential Concretion or Fossil fragment)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, beige, brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, beige, brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, beige, brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) over millions of years, typically in desert, river, or ocean environments.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in paving, and as a reservoir rock for oil and gas. Small specimens have educational and decorative value.
Geological facts
Sandstone can preserve fossilized footprints and ripples from ancient water bodies. Famous structures like the Treasury at Petra are carved directly into sandstone cliffs.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper). Look for layering (bedding planes). Commonly found in sedimentary basins and arid regions globally.
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