sedimentary
Red Sandstone
Arenite (primarily Quartz with Hematite cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale for grains), Color: reddish-brown to pink (due to iron oxide), Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal Structure: granular/clastic, Cleavage: none, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale for grains), Color: reddish-brown to pink (due to iron oxide), Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal Structure: granular/clastic, Cleavage: none, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The red color indicates formation in an arid, oxygen-rich environment where iron minerals oxidized. Often associated with ancient desert dunes or riverbeds.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction as building stone (brownstone), paving, decorative landscaping, and as a source of industrial sand.
Geological facts
Red sandstone is famous for creating the iconic landscapes of the American Southwest, such as the Grand Canyon and Arches National Park. It often contains cross-bedding structures that reveal ancient wind or water current directions.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sand grains. In the field, look for layering (bedding). Rubbing two pieces together may produce loose sand. Common in sedimentary basins worldwide.
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