sedimentary
Asphalt / Bituminous Aggregate
Bituminous mixture (Hydrocarbon-based sediment)
Hardness: 1-2.5 (Mohs); Color: Black or dark charcoal grey; Luster: Dull to sub-metallic; Structure: Often amorphous or clastic; Specific Gravity: Approx 1.1–1.5.
- Hardness
- 1-2
- Color
- Black or dark charcoal grey
- Luster
- Dull to sub-metallic
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Physical properties
Hardness: 1-2.5 (Mohs); Color: Black or dark charcoal grey; Luster: Dull to sub-metallic; Structure: Often amorphous or clastic; Specific Gravity: Approx 1.1–1.5.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the natural or industrial solidification of bitumen mixed with mineral aggregates (sand, gravel). Naturally occurring bitumen forms from the decomposition of ancient organic matter under heat and pressure over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Primary use is in road construction, roofing, and waterproofing. It acts as a binder in pavement.
Geological facts
Natural asphalt has been used since ancient times. The Sumerians used it as mortar for brickwork, and it was used by Egyptians for mummification preservation.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark color, slight oily smell when heated, and tendency to crumble or soften under high heat. Found worldwide near oil-producing regions or as common road debris.
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