sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (typically composed of SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, ocher, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (visible sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Brown, tan, ocher, or grey
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified May 28, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, ocher, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (visible sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, which are then lithified through compaction and cementation over millions of years in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal areas.

Uses & applications

Widely used in the construction of buildings, paving, and decorative garden features. Also used as a reservoir rock for oil and gas or for groundwater aquifers.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Many famous sites, such as the Treasury at Petra and the Grand Canyon, are primarily composed of sandstone formations.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layers or bedding. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and arid environments. Collectors look for unique banding (Liesegang rings).