metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lazurite with Calcite and Pyrite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO4,Cl)1-2
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs), Color: Deep royal blue, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Crystal Structure: Isometric (usually massive), Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs), Color: Deep royal blue, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Crystal Structure: Isometric (usually massive), Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
Formation & geological history
Lapis lazuli is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact metamorphism of limestone or marble. It is primarily found in ancient geological formations of crystalline limestone.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and historically as a pigment (ultramarine) in painting. Highly valued by collectors for its color and pyrite inclusions.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians, who used it for amulets and ornaments including the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. The finest quality has historically come from the Sar-i Sang mines in Afghanistan.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its intense blue color, white calcite streaks, and metallic gold-flecked pyrite inclusions. It is found in mountain ranges such as the Hindu Kush in Afghanistan, as well as in Chile and Russia.
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