metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Primary mineral: Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)
Hardness: 5 to 5.5 Mohs scale; Color: Deep blue with gold-colored pyrite specks and white calcite veins; Luster: Greasy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Aggregate (Lazurite is isometric); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
- Hardness
- 5 to 5
- Luster
- Greasy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5 to 5.5 Mohs scale; Color: Deep blue with gold-colored pyrite specks and white calcite veins; Luster: Greasy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Aggregate (Lazurite is isometric); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed via contact metamorphism of limestone or marble. It is a rock comprising multiple minerals, primarily lazurite, calcite, and pyrite. Most specimens are from ancient deposits dating back millions of years, notably from the Sar-e-Sang mines in Afghanistan.
Uses & applications
Used widely in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, and historically as the pigment ultramarine for fine art. It is a highly valued collector's stone.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli has been mined for over 6,000 years. The 'gold' specks seen in the stone are actually inclusions of iron pyrite (fool's gold). It was the source of the world's most expensive blue pigment used by Renaissance masters like Vermeer.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic intense blue color and the presence of pyrite inclusions. Commonly found in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Canada. Collectors should look for a rich, uniform blue with minimal white calcite for higher quality.
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