metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Rock composed primarily of Lazurite: (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)
Hardness: 5-5.5; Color: Deep blue with gold-colored pyrite specks and white calcite; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Isometric (lazurite); Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Color
- Deep blue with gold-colored pyrite specks and white calcite
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5; Color: Deep blue with gold-colored pyrite specks and white calcite; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Isometric (lazurite); Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism of limestone or marble by granitic or alkaline igneous intrusions. Common in older geological formations as far back as the Precambrian.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry, ornamental carvings, pigment for painting (ultramarine), and as decorative stones for mosaic and tiling.
Geological facts
Historically, it was ground into the most expensive pigment in the world, Ultramarine, used by Renaissance artists like Vermeer. Ancient Egyptians used it for the burial mask of Tutankhamun.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic intense blue 'denim' color and the presence of brassy pyrite inclusions. Commonly found in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Canada.
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