metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli (Complex silicate mixture including Lazurite, Calcite, and Pyrite)
Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Deep celestial blue (due to lazurite). Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Isometric (granular). Specific gravity: 2.7-2.9. Features gold-colored pyrite specks and white calcite veins.
- Hardness
- 5-6 Mohs
- Color
- Deep celestial blue (due to lazurite)
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Deep celestial blue (due to lazurite). Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Isometric (granular). Specific gravity: 2.7-2.9. Features gold-colored pyrite specks and white calcite veins.
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism, where limestone or marble is altered by heat and chemical activity from igneous intrusions. Notable deposits date back over 6,000 years, particularly in the Sar-i Sang mines of Afghanistan.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, and historical pigments (ultramarine). Also valued in crystal collecting and as an ornamental gemstone.
Geological facts
Historically ground into powder to create 'Ultramarine', the most expensive blue pigment for Renaissance painters. It was also used in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic 'royal blue' color accompanied by brassy pyrite flecks. High-quality specimens have minimal white calcite. Found primarily in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Canada.
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