Rock Identifier
Likely hematite-rich iron ore or magnetite-bearing stone (Hematite (Fe₂O₃), possibly mixed with magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and silicate gangue) — mineral
mineral

Likely hematite-rich iron ore or magnetite-bearing stone

Hematite (Fe₂O₃), possibly mixed with magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and silicate gangue

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Small, dark gray-to-black, irregular specimen with metallic to submetallic luster and granular texture. Hematite hardness is 5–6.5 Mohs; magnetite is 5.5–6.5, both commonly have no obvious cleavage and high specific gravity (about 5.0–5.3).

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Physical properties

Small, dark gray-to-black, irregular specimen with metallic to submetallic luster and granular texture. Hematite hardness is 5–6.5 Mohs; magnetite is 5.5–6.5, both commonly have no obvious cleavage and high specific gravity (about 5.0–5.3).

Formation & geological history

Forms through oxidation or hydrothermal alteration of iron-rich rocks, and in banded iron formations; major deposits range from Precambrian to much younger ages. The image alone cannot distinguish hematite from magnetite confidently.

Uses & applications

Iron ores are mined for steel production; attractive botryoidal or micaceous hematite specimens are collected and sometimes used in inexpensive jewelry.

Geological facts

Magnetite is strongly magnetic, whereas hematite typically produces a reddish-brown streak. A streak test and magnet test are more diagnostic than surface color.

Field identification & locations

Common in Brazil, Australia, South Africa, India, the United States, and Sweden. Identify with a magnet and unglazed porcelain streak: red-brown suggests hematite; black streak plus strong magnetism suggests magnetite.