sedimentary
Limonite Sandstone
Ferruginous Sandstone (Hydrated Iron Oxide)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 4-5.5 (variable); Color: Rust-brown, earthy orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None
- Hardness
- 4-5
- Color
- Rust-brown, earthy orange
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 4-5.5 (variable); Color: Rust-brown, earthy orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None
Formation & geological history
Formed by the cementation of sand grains by iron-rich groundwater or through the weathering of iron-bearing silicate minerals in a sedimentary environment.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a low-grade iron ore in the past; occasionally used as construction fill or as a landscape rock.
Geological facts
The distinct reddish-brown color is caused by the oxidation of iron minerals, essentially making this a piece of 'rusted' sand. It is often found as concretions.
Field identification & locations
Look for its gritty sandpaper-like texture and its tendency to leave an orange-brown streak on harder surfaces. Common in coastal and riverine sedimentary deposits.
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