sedimentary
Sandstone (with ripple marks)
Arenite (SiO2 primarily)
Mohs hardness: 6-7; Color: Tan, brown, or reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible horizontal bedding or ripple laminations; Texture: Gritty, granular feel like sandpaper.
- Hardness
- 6-7
- Color
- Tan, brown, or reddish
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness: 6-7; Color: Tan, brown, or reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible horizontal bedding or ripple laminations; Texture: Gritty, granular feel like sandpaper.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized silicate grains. The distinctive wavy surface (ripple marks) indicates formation in a shallow-water environment with moving currents or wave action, typically from the Paleozoic to Cenozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for building stone, paving, and decorative tile. High-purity silica sandstone is used in glass manufacturing and hydraulic fracturing (proppant).
Geological facts
The ripple marks on this specimen are 'fossil' impressions of ancient water movement, essentially freezing a moment of a prehistoric seabed or riverbed in stone. Some sandstones are porous enough to serve as major aquifers or petroleum reservoirs.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its sandpaper-like texture and distinct parallel layered 'laminae.' Commonly found in sedimentary basins, canyon walls, and coastal outcrops. Collectors look for well-preserved ripple patterns or cross-bedding features.
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