sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, yellow, cream, or brown; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic/granular; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8. Feels gritty like sandpaper.

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: tan, yellow, cream, or brown
Luster: dull/earthy

Identified March 17, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, yellow, cream, or brown; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic/granular; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8. Feels gritty like sandpaper.

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments in environments such as deserts, riverbeds, or beaches. Over millions of years, pressure and mineral cements (like silica or calcium carbonate) lithify the sand into solid rock.

Uses & applications

Major construction material for buildings, paving, and decorative stonework. High-purity silica sandstone is used in glassmaking and industrial abrasives.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 10-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It is a critical reservoir rock for groundwater, oil, and natural gas due to its high porosity and permeability.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty texture and visible sand grains. It is commonly found in canyon lands and desert regions. Collectors should look for unique cross-bedding patterns or color variations caused by iron oxidation.