mineral

Malachite

Copper(II) carbonate hydroxide [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs); Color: Vivid green to dark green with distinctive banding; Luster: Adamantine to vitreous or silky; Crystal system: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0.

Hardness: 3
Color: Vivid green to dark green with distinctive banding
Luster: Adamantine to vitreous or silky

Identified July 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs); Color: Vivid green to dark green with distinctive banding; Luster: Adamantine to vitreous or silky; Crystal system: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0.

Formation & geological history

A secondary mineral formed in the oxidized zones of copper ore deposits. It precipitates from carbonated water reacting with copper minerals. Often found in association with azurite, goethite, and calcite.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone for jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, high-end ornamental inlays, and historically as a mineral pigment.

Geological facts

Malachite is famous for its 'botryoidal' or bubbling habit in its raw form. The 'peacock ore' appearance of its banding occurs due to rhythmic changes in copper concentration during growth. It is often found at King Solomon's Mines.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive silky, swirling green bands. In the field, look for it in weathered copper deposits. Caution for collectors: do not inhale dust when cutting or sanding, as it contains toxic copper content.