mineral
Malachite
Copper carbonate hydroxide Cu2CO3(OH)2
Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: bright green with light/dark banding; Luster: Silky to dull; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0
- Hardness
- 3
- Color
- bright green with light/dark banding
- Luster
- Silky to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: bright green with light/dark banding; Luster: Silky to dull; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0
Formation & geological history
Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of copper ore deposits where carbonated waters interact with copper-bearing rocks.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as decorative stone, gemstones/jewelry, and historically as a green pigment and minor copper ore.
Geological facts
Malachite was used by ancient Egyptians as an eye shadow and for wall paintings; it is known for its distinct 'bulls-eye' banding patterns.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinct green color, visible banding, and effervescence (bubbling) when in contact with dilute hydrochloric acid. Often found with Azurite.
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