mineral

Malachite

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂ (basic copper carbonate)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically vivid green with concentric banding, botryoidal or massive texture, silky to glassy luster, and curved cleavage surfaces; Mohs hardness 3.5–4, specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The pictured piece appears polished or carved.

Identified September 5, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary copper-mineral deposit in the oxidized zones of copper ores, commonly alongside azurite; most examples are geologically young relative to their host rocks. Major sources include the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Russia, Australia, and the southwestern United States.

Uses & applications

Used as ornamental stone, cabochons, beads, carvings, and collectible specimens; historically ground as a green pigment. It is generally unsuitable for construction because it is soft and acid-sensitive.

Geological facts

Its characteristic green concentric bands result from changing conditions during precipitation. Malachite reacts with acids and may release toxic copper-containing dust, so avoid ingestion, prolonged skin exposure, and dry cutting.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by vivid alternating light/dark green bands, opaque appearance, low hardness, and a green streak; it is softer than glass and should not be tested destructively. Avoid vinegar or acid tests on polished pieces.